The Timbers play at Providence Park in downtown Portland, which they share with the Portland Thorns of the National Women's Soccer League. Providence Park has existed in Portland since 1893 and as a complete stadium since 1926, when it was constructed by the nearby Multnomah Athletic Club, which still borders the stadium on the southern end.

The main supporters group of the Portland Timbers is the Timbers Army. Its members are known for their loud, enthusiastic support and the raucous atmosphere they create at Timbers games, as well as their left-wing political views.

The team's official colors, ponderosa green and moss green, represent the state of Oregon's forests.

Former forward and Colorado Rapids assistant coach John Spencer was named the first head coach of the Timbers on August 10, 2010. Under Spencer's guidance, the Timbers became the first MLS expansion side to win the first five home matches of its inaugural season.

On December 6, 2015, Diego Valeri gave Portland a 1-0 lead over the Columbus Crew after just 27 seconds. The Timbers forward punished Crew goalkeeper Steve Clark for trying to control a back-pass, instead of clearing it with his first touch.

Timber Joey saws a slab of wood off a 12ft log every time the club scores a goal at Providence Park. The slab is then passed around the stadium for fans to touch before it is presented to the goalscorer at the end of the match.

In 2019, MLS banned the anti-fascist Iron Front symbol, along with far-right regalia, in a blanket ban of "political signage", which the Timbers Army contested, arguing that opposition to fascism, racism, and sexism was not political. A protracted public battle between the Army and MLS brass culminated in a protest during a Timbers game against Seattle where the TA deliberately stayed silent for the first 33 minutes of the nationally televised clash to commemorate 1933, the year that the Iron Front was disbanded in Nazi Germany. After the protest gained media exposure, Major League Soccer officials reversed their decision, allowing Timbers supporters to use the symbol again.

On November 24, 2010, the Timbers selected midfielder Dax McCarty with the first overall pick of the MLS Expansion Draft, and then immediately traded him with allocation money to D.C. United for Rodney Wallace and a fourth-round pick in the 2011 MLS SuperDraft.

The 2011 season saw the entrance of the Timbers and Vancouver Whitecaps into MLS, allowing for the revival of the Cascadia Cup, which is contested between the Timbers, Whitecaps, and the Seattle Sounders. The Sounders won the cup that season with an unbeaten record against both clubs.

Diego Valeri's performance throughout the 2017 season, which included 20+ goals and 10+ assists, was instrumental in securing Portland the top spot in the Western Conference standings and qualifying for the playoffs. Despite an early exit from the playoffs, Valeri was awarded the Landon Donovan MVP Award on 4 December 2017.